COOLANOL ^® SILICATE ESTER DIELECTRIC HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
APPLICABLE MILITARY SPECIFICATION
   Table 1 - MIL-C-47220B Fluid Types
OTHER APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS
   Table 2 - OEM Specifications
PERFORMANCE OF COOLANOL FLUIDS
SELECTING THE PROPER COOLANOL FLUID
   Figure 1 - Suitable Temperature Range
   Table 3 - Typical Physical and Chemical Properties
   Figure 2 - Thermal Conductivity vs Temperature
   Figure 3 - Specific Heat vs Temperature
   Figure 4 - Viscosity vs Temperature
   Figure 5 - Density vs Temperature
   Figure 6 - Vapor Pressure vs Temperature
   Figure 7 - Surface Tension vs temperature
   Figure 8 - Bulk Modulus vs Temperature
   Table 4 - Dielectric Constants and Power Factors
OXIDATIVE STABILITY/CORROSIVENESS
   Table 5 - Typical Oxidation and Corrosion Stability Data
THERMAL STABILITY
   Table 6 - Thermal Stability, 24 Hrs. at Various Temperatures
RADIATION RESISTANCE
LUBRICITY
   Table 7 - Four Ball Wear Test
COMPATIBILITY WITH MATERIALS
   Table 8 - General Guidelines for Compatibility with Materials
SYSTEM CLEAN-UP FLUSHING AND FILLING
FLAMMABILITY
WATER SENSITIVITY
   Table 9 - Atmospheric Moisture Absorption Rate
STORAGE AND HANDLING
HEALTH & SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

COOLANOL is a registered trademark of Exxon for dielectric heat transfer fluids.

EXXON
SILICATE ESTER DIELECTRIC HEAT
TRANSFER FLUIDS
COOLANOL ^® 2O
COOLANOL ^® 25R
COOLANOL ^® 35R
COOLANOL ^® OS-59
COOLANOL ^® 45R

INTRODUCTION

Dependable Performance in Critical Applications
COOLANOL silicate ester synthetic dielectric heat transfer fluids are designed to meet the special needs of sensitive electronic components and environmental control systems in aircraft, missiles and spacecraft. The proven quality and reliability of COOLANOL is an important additional safeguard against costly and potentially catastrophic failure of critical airborne electrical equipment.

COOLANOL is specifically intended for liquid circulating systems (dynamic liquid phase) found in high-density electronic packages in aerospace and military applications. Such systems are in wide use because of their excellent heat transfer efficiency. COOLANOL should not be used in vaporizing (boiling liquid) systems.

Superb High- and Low-Temperature Stability
COOLANOL fluids feature superb thermal stability that easily withstands the high- and low-temperature extremes encountered by airborne electronic equipment. Other COOLANOL properties include low volatility, high flash and autoignition point, excellent dielectric qualities, good lubricity, oxidation and corrosion stability, and compatibility with a wide range of materials. To further ensure satisfactory performance in specific applications, COOLANOL is available in a wide selection of viscosity grades.

Versatile and Simple to Handle
Because of their dielectric, heat transfer, hydraulic and lubricating properties, COOLANOL fluids function well in dynamic systems over an exceptionally wide temperature range. They can be used with common construction materials, and their low order of toxicity simplifies handling. Note: When handling or storing COOLANOL it is critical to prevent accumulation of moisture in the fluid, as this can lead to fluid breakdown.

Manufactured under Stringent Quality Controls
COOLANOL fluids are manufactured in dedicated ISO-9002 certified facilities under strict quality controls dictated by Exxon's unique Product Quality Assurance Framework (PQAF). Exxon performs required OEM tests, as well as our own tests, to ensure that every batch of product conforms to the highest standards.

For More Information
This brochure is intended to familiarize fluid users and design engineers with the performance capabilities and advantages of COOLANOL. For additional technical information, please call 1-800-44-EXXON.

APPLICABLE MILITARY SPECIFICATION
MIL-C-47220B (May 1985) military specification, though inactive, distinguishes five fluid types. Fluid types I through IV represent products from the family of COOLANOL fluids, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1

COOLANOL 20 is the lowest viscosity fluid in the family and does not have a fluid type defined by MIL-C-47220B.

OTHER APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS
Certain COOLANOL fluids relate to military contractor specifications as shown in Table 2

Table 2

PERFORMANCE OF COOLANOL FLUIDS
Even though COOLANOL fluids meet many of the requirements of MIL-C-47220B, they are sold as Exxon-branded fluids manufactured in compliance with Exxon specifications. Exxon marketing specifications for COOLANOL fluids are shown in Table 3 .

SELECTING THE PROPER COOLANOL FLUID
To select the proper COOLANOL fluid for a given application, first determine the upper and lower temperature parameters of the application. Next, use the graph on the facing page, to determine the appropriate COOLANOL grade.
Additional data on COOLANOL physical, electrical and chemical properties is given in tables and charts on subsequent pages.

Figure 1
SUITABLE TEMPERATURE RANGES DEFINED BY MIL-C-47220B
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* The high-temperature limits shown here are based on thermal exposure in an oxygen-free environment.

** Has no corresponding type in MIL-C-47220B.

*** Fluid is not inhibited against oxidation and should not be used in systems with substantial dissolved air content (i.e. systems blanketed with dry air).

Table 3
TYPICAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

Property (Test Method), Units		COOLANOL 20	COOLANOL 25R	COOLANOL 35R	COOLANOL OS-59	COOLANOL 45R
Fluid Operating Temperature Range per MIL-C-47220B		None applies	Type IV	Type I	Type III	Type II
Appearance (Visual)		Clear, light amber liquid	Clear, colorless to light amber liquid	Clear, colorless to light amber liquid	Clear, colorless liquid	Clear, colorless to light amber liquid
Specific Gravity (25/25°C, ASTM D 4052)
	Specification Limits	0.884-0.890	0.890-0.900	0.886-0.891	0.879-0.882	0.884-0.890
	Typical Value	0.887	0.893	0.890	0.880	0.890
Viscosity at -65°F (ASTM D 445),cSt
	Specification Limits	60	275	1000	1500	2900
	Typical Value	44	240	970	1400	2650
Viscosity at 0°F (ASTM D 445), cSt Typical Value		8	23	52	63	120
Viscosity at 100°F (ASTM D 445), cSt
	Specification Limits	1.9-2.2	4.5	6.7
	Typical Value	2.05	4.15	6.4	6.9	11.8
Viscosity at 210°F (ASTM D 445), cSt
	Specification Limits	0.88-1.0	1.53	2.0-2.3
	Typical Value	0.94	1.62	2.17	2.25	4.04
Viscosity at 40°C (ASTM D 445), cSt
	Specification Limits		4.4	6.7	7.0	12.6
	Typical Value	1.97	3.95	6.1	6.5	11.1
Viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D 445), cSt
	Specification Limits		1.5	2.0	2.1	3.8
	Typical Value	0.93	1.60	2.14	2.20	3.93
Pour Point (ASTM D 97), °F		<-100	<-90	<-90	<-85	<-85
Total Acid Number (ASTM D 664), mg KOH/g fluid
	Specification Limits	0.15	0.10	0.10	0.05	0.15
	Typical Value	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.03	0.06
Moisture Content (Karl Fischer Titrator), ppm Specification Limits		150	100	150	150	150
Chlorine (X-ray Fluorescence/coulometry), ppm		60	30	40	40	40
Particle Count (HIAC Counter), counts per 100 ml Specification Limit/Typical
	5 to 15 micron	-/25000	10000/5000	-/25000	-/25000	-/25000
	15 to 25 micron	-/3000	1600/1200	-/3000	-/3000	-/3000
	25 to 50 micron	-/1500	500/150	-/1500	-/1500	-/1500
	50 to 100 micron	-/400	100/30	-/400	-/400	-/400
	>100 micron	-/100	16/5	-/100	-/100	-/100
Filtration Time for 100 ml, minutes
Specification Limit			3

Table 3 (Continued)
TYPICAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* Tests conducted according to ASTM Standard Test Methods are routinely verified to be in compliance with the latest published versions. Minor changes may be made where they have no material impact on test results and are necessitated by reasons such as safety, environmental standards, and method effectiveness.

Results shown are typical values, and are not guaranteed for all samples. Specification limits, when shown, apply to all samples.

Figure 2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VS TEMPERATURE*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

Figure 3
SPECIFIC HEAT (ASTM D 2766) vs TEMPERATURE*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

Figure 4
VISCOSITY (ASTM D 445) vs TEMPERATURE*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

Figure 5
DENSITY (ASTM D 1475) vs TEMPERATURE*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

Figure 6
VAPOR PRESSURE (ASTM D 2879) vs TEMPERATURE*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

Figure 7
SURFACE TENSION (ASTM D 1331) vs TEMPERATURE*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

Figure 8
BULK MODULUS vs TEMPERATURE*
EXXON COOLANOL Dielectric Heat Transfer Fluids

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

Table 4
DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS AND POWER FACTORS*

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

OXIDATIVE STABILITY / CORROSIVENESS
The EXXON COOLANOL fluids have good oxidative stability, as shown in Table 5. Oxidative stability is a measure of the ability of the fluid to withstand heat in the presence of air (oxygen). Oxidative stability testing differs from thermal stability testing in that the fluid is kept saturated with air at all times so that abundant oxygen is available for the oxidation of fluid. Poor oxidation stability could lead to the rapid formation of sludge and acid in the fluid.

The COOLANOL fluids are essentially non-corrosive. Corrosion is a measure of the effect of a liquid on various metals that might be in a system. Corrosion is usually measured in conjunction with the thermal or oxidative stability of the fluid. Corrosion is directly related to the rate, amount, and type of acid formed in the liquid under thermal or other stress.

Corrosive fluids are undesirable in the system, as corrosion may interfere with heat transfer and can also lead to wear and deterioration of metal components.

Table 5
TYPICAL OXIDATION AND CORROSION STABILITY DATA*
PER FTM 791 METHOD 5308, 168 HRS., 250°F, 5L/HR. AIR

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

** For Type IV fluid, Cu= ±0.4, Zn=±0.2

Note: COOLANOL OS-59 degrades significantly in this test.

THERMAL STABILITY
EXXON COOLANOL fluids have excellent thermal stability, as shown in Table 6. Thermal stability is an indication of the ability of the liquid to withstand heat in an oxygen-free environment. Fluids with poor thermal stability break down rapidly at high temperature, leading to the formation of volatile materials, gels and possibly acids. Good thermal stability is crucial in a dielectric heat transfer fluid.

Table 6
THERMAL STABILITY, 24 HRS., AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES*
PER FTM 791 METHOD 2508

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

RADIATION RESISTANCE
COOLANOL fluids possess good radiation resistance, which is the ability of the fluid to withstand high-frequency radiation emitted from nuclear sources or high power transmitting devices.

The behavior of a fluid under radiation is quite similar to its behavior under thermal stress. Thus, a fluid that can withstand high temperatures can usually withstand higher levels of radiation.

LUBRICITY
COOLANOL fluids are good lubricants and provide satisfactory wear protection. In most dielectric heat transfer systems, the lubricating requirements of the pump and components are modest and only minor consideration need be given to the lubricating qualities of the fluid. Lubricity is a complex function and cannot be easily related to fluid properties. Instead, bench and performance type tests are used to describe the lubrication qualities of a fluid. The four ball wear test is one such performance test ( see Table 7 ).

Table 7
FOUR BALL WEAR TEST*, PER ASTM D 4172

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

COMPATIBILITY WITH MATERIALS
EXXON COOLANOL dielectric heat transfer fluids are compatible with most materials of construction utilized in electronic cooling systems. Table 8 presents general guidelines regarding compatibility of silicate ester fluids with various materials. The compatibility ratings may be considered starting points for material selection and are not intended to be absolute recommendations. Suppliers of materials should be consulted concerning their product's compatibility with silicate ester fluids. It is recommended that the exact materials being considered be tested for compatibility with COOLANOL fluids under conditions which simulate actual operation. The temperature of the fluid and material is typically one of the most important variables in determining compatibility under actual use conditions.

Metal Compatibility
COOLANOL dielectric heat transfer fluids do not affect the following metals: iron, copper, silver alloys, brass, cadmium plated steels, solders, or brazing materials.

Under certain conditions (high temperature, high fluid water content) bare aluminum may be reactive toward silicate ester fluids. Frequently, aluminum used in silicate ester systems is anodized. Use of copper and copper alloys should be minimized to prevent fluid degradation. Soldering fluxes may affect the fluid and should be well cleaned from any system that will contain a silicate ester fluid.

Elastomer Compatibility
The most widely used elastomers in COOLANOL fluid systems are Buna N, Neoprene (MIL-R-6855), and fluorosilicone (MIL-R-25988) . Typically, swelling of Neoprene and fluorosilicone in silicate ester fluid is in the range of 0 - 7.5% per FTM 791, Method 3603. Depending on the type of Buna N used, this elastomer may shrink or swell slightly.

Fluorocarbon elastomers are compatible with silicate ester fluids. Silicone rubber should never be used because it will swell, soften and sometimes dissolve in silicate esters. Butyl rubber will also swell excessively.

Plastic Compatibility
Many common plastics are compatible with COOLANOL fluids. These include acetal, fluoroethylene propylene, nylon, polycarbonate, polypropylene, and tetrafluoroethylene.

Vinyl in its various forms, such as Tygon ^® * tubing, is unsuitable for use with COOLANOL fluids.

*Tygon ^® is a trademark of U.S. Stoneware Co.

Sealant Compatibility
In general, cured epoxy cements or potting compounds are compatible with COOLANOL fluids.

Compatibility With Other COOLANOL Products
COOLANOL fluids are compatible with each other.

Compatibility With Other Fluids
COOLANOL fluids should not be mixed with other types of fluids unless compatibility has been ascertained.

Table 8
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR COMPATIBILITY OF SILICATE ESTER FLUIDS WITH VARIOUS MATERIALS*

Compatibility Ratings
Excellent Resistance. Material may be used in constant contact with the fluid.
Good Resistance. Withstands exposure to the fluid with a minimum of swell (for plastics, rubber) and loss of integrity.
Poor Resistance. Should not be used near the fluid.
No Resistance. Disintegrates in the fluid.

* This table is based on material from Machine Design, January 21, 1971Copyright 1971 by Penton IPC, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio.

NOTE: These data do not constitute a guarantee. The final decision on a specific brand or product should be made after careful testing with EXXON COOLANOL fluids.

** Copper and copper alloys are not recommended as these metals can promote fluid degradation.

Table 8 (Continued)
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR COMPATIBILITY OF SILICATE ESTER FLUIDS WITH VARIOUS MATERIALS*

1 Results vary according to grade of elastomer

2 Registered trademark of Dupont

NOTE: The final decision on a specific brand or product should be made after careful testing with EXXON COOLANOL fluids.

SYSTEM CLEAN-UP FLUSHING, AND FILLING
Many petroleum solvents are suitable for clean-up use with EXXON COOLANOL fluids. These include Stoddard Solvent (mix of 85% nonane and 15% trimethylbenzene), petroleum ether, naphtha, xylene, and toluene. Before any solvent is used, its compatibility with system materials of construction should be verified by testing.

Alcohols should never be used as silicate ester system solvents. Most alcohols are not compatible with COOLANOL fluids and may react with them, especially at high temperatures, forming undesirable byproducts.

For proper solvent handling procedures, refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Use extreme care when any solvent is near or in contact with electrical equipment. Solvents should be used in strict accordance with state, federal and local regulations.

After using a solvent to clean or flush a COOLANOL fluid system, the solvent should be thoroughly removed from the system. For this reason, it is best to select as low a boiling solvent as possible. After solvent flushing, the system should be blown completely dry with a gas such as oxygen or nitrogen. Residual solvent could potentially react unfavorably with COOLANOL fluids at elevated temperatures.

A procedure that is often followed in flushing a COOLANOL fluid system is to first flush with a high-flash-point naphtha, drain the system as completely as possible, flush with acetone, drain the acetone out as completely as possible, and then finish off by blowing nitrogen or dry air through the system until all of the residual acetone has evaporated. Proper care and caution must be exercised in handling acetone because of its high flammability. When filling equipment, use recommended OEM practices. Commercially available fluid conditioning systems can assist you in this process.

FLAMMABILITY
Although COOLANOL fluids have high flash, fire and auto-ignition points, they should not be considered fire-resistant fluids. Care should be taken in the design of systems to prevent contact of the COOLANOL fluids in the forms of spray, mist, vapor, or pool with sources of ignition.

Properly maintained, COOLANOL retains good flammability properties. However, conditions that allow moisture absorption may cause the product to degrade. This may result in the formation of alcohol, which will reduce the flash point (see " Water Sensitivity "). Refer to the COOLANOL Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for additional information on flammability.

WATER SENSITIVITY
EXXON COOLANOL is hygroscopic; therefore, special care must be taken to avoid exposure to atmospheric moisture during transfer and use. After the sealed original containers are opened, product should be installed rapidly and the equipment promptly sealed.

COOLANOL fluids are very durable and have a long service life in a properly designed and maintained system. Proper design and maintenance requires keeping moisture out of the system. If moisture is permitted to build up, the resulting hydrolysis will cause viscosity changes, gel and solids formation, increased volatility, and reduced flash points. The system design should include filtration systems to remove solids.

Sources of water can include liquid leaks from heat exchangers or atmospheric moisture. COOLANOL fluids that are exposed to air pick up moisture that can quickly build to harmful levels. To prevent atmospheric moisture pickup, all vent holes in reservoirs must be closed or fitted with a dessicant breather. Either a steel or low-permeability elastomeric bellows should be installed in the reservoir to allow for fluid volume changes.

Table 9 shows the rate of moisture pick-up in open COOLANOL 25R containers exposed to air at various relative humidity levels. To minimize decomposition, the maximum recommended moisture level for COOLANOL 25R in service is 150 ppm. The in-service moisture levels for other COOLANOL grades should be maintained below 200 ppm.

Table 9
ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE ABSORPTION RATE

* These data are based upon samples tested in the laboratory and are not guaranteed for all samples.

STORAGE AND HANDLING
COOLANOL should be stored in a cool, dry, dust-free environment. It should not be used if contaminated with any foreign material. Promptly reseal partially used containers to prevent contamination from atmospheric moisture. Contact Exxon if you are unsure if the product has been overheated or contaminated.

The shelf life of COOLANOL in the original, unopened container is a nominal five years if stored inside and not exposed to extreme heat or moisture. When used in critical applications, we recommend retesting after three years. If containers have been opened and resealed and stored for more than 6-12 months, or have been exposed to heat and moisture, or if there is any doubt with regard to the condition of the container, it is recommended that you test to verify fluid condition before using.

Health studies have shown that many synthetic and petroleum hydro-carbons pose potential human health risks that may vary from person to person. As a precaution, exposure to liquids and vapors of such products should be minimized.

COOLANOL fluids are not classified as hazardous materials by the U.S. Department of Transportation. In the event of fire or leakage of fluid onto a hot surface, COOLANOL will emit fumes that are irritating, noxious and possibly toxic. Be alert to such conditions. Wear suitable eye protection, gloves and protective clothing. Use NIOSH approved respiratory equipment when exposure to mist or aerosol is possible or when working with the product at elevated temperatures. If product is swallowed, seek medical advice immediately.

Oils and greases in contact with skin can result in removal of skin oils and plugging of sweat glands and hair follicles. This may lead to skin irritation or dermatitis. Accordingly, good personal hygiene should always be practiced. COOLANOL should always be removed from the skin promptly. Soiled clothing should not remain in contact with the skin.

Oils and greases are readily removed from the skin by waterless hand cleaners followed by washing with soap, water, and a soft skin brush. They can be removed from clothing by dry-cleaning or by washing with laundry detergents. If COOLANOL contacts the eyes, flush the eyes with fresh water until the irritation subsides and seek medical advice immediately.

WARNING: "Empty" containers retain residue (liquid and/or vapor) and can be dangerous. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose such containers to heat, flame, sparks, or other sources of ignition; they may explode and cause injury or death. Do not attempt to clean since residue is difficult to remove, and even a trace of remaining material constitutes an explosive hazard. "Empty" drums should be completely drained, properly bunged, and promptly returned to a drum reconditioner. All other containers should be disposed of in an environ-mentally safe manner and in accordance with governmental regulations.

Additional important health and safety information on this product can be found in the Material Safety Data Sheet which is available online at http://www.msds.exxonmobil.com/psims/psims.aspxor by contacting Exxon Branded Lubricants, ExxonMobil Lubricants & Petroleum Specialties Company, North America Technical Services - MSDS, 3225 Gallows Road, Fairfax, VA 22037.

ETB 07/12/2001
Printed in USA 11-10-99
©1999, Exxon Mobil Corporation
99-C224